Wikipedian idazten

Saiatu al zara inoiz Wikipedian artikuluren bat idazten? Nola egiten den ere ez dakizu? Artikulu honek horren berri emango dizu, Parisko Jean Baudrillard filosofoari buruzko ingelesezko artikuluaren itzulpena nola egin zen azaltzen duen artean. Wikipedian hainbat lan argitaratu direla esan beharrik ere ez da; tendentzia honi jarraiki, ordea, entziklopedia aske honetan Deustuko Unibertsitateak ere bere ekarpena egin nahi izan duela aipagarria da gutxienean. Zer dela eta?

Wikipedia: Comunidad educativa

Wiki es una palabra hawaiana que quiere decir “rápido”; sin embargo, su significado a cambiado gracias al surgimiento de la web 2.0 porque , actualmente, esta palabra se relaciona con páginas electrónicas que se editan en linea a traves de múltiples usuarios. La más famosa es Wikipedia: “wiki” (escrito en comunidad) y “pedia” del griego padeia (educación).

Como usuaria de Wikipedia puedo crear, modificar y borrar el contenido de una página de forma fácil y gratuita, además de ver los cambios realizados instantáneamente en la misma; también, me permite escribir en colaboración a través de la Web y recuperar fácilmente cualquier información anterior o posterior a mi colaboración.

Writing about a writter

Nora Roberts is a bestselling American author that has fought to erase the women’s stereotypes. She fought against “machismo” or “machoism” through her novels and she took part in this fight in hard times in which being a female writter was absolutely strange. We think that she has been one of the pioneers of the feminist movement against all the odds and this is the main reason for choosing her and her books to write a Wikipedia article in Basque, since Basque people ought to know about her too. Wikipedia has no article about her in this language and we thought it was a great idea to provide this information to other Basque speakers. We have learnt a lot about the writter but also about information management since we have been working in our wiki and in Wikipedia. Between all the knowlegde we gained doing this exercise we could underline the ability to create a common page in a wikipage where we could all contribute, the skill to submit this information to Wikipedia and to provide it to the general public and the collective building of an article with other Wikipedia members.

Jean Baudrillard, discouraging philosopher

“El simulacro no es lo que oculta la verdad. Es la verdad la que oculta que no hay verdad. El simulacro es verdadero”, Jean Baudrillard.

Jean Baudrillard was a French philosopher and sociologist who focused on the contemporary society. In his first book El sistema de los objetos (1968), he tried to apply the concepts of Ferdinand Saussure´s linguistics in Karl Marx´s political and economical theories, analysing the value of changes as significant and the value of use as significant. In that first book, he also analyses the indiference with which North Americans have constructed a new culture of transparence.

Jean Baudrillard´s Matrix

The Matrix gave both cultural theorists and movie enthusiasts an opportunity to investigate the film on a variety of academic grounds. 

This implication was brought up within the movie by two references to the work of French sociologist Jean Baudrillard. The first reference is situated towards the beginning of the movie, when Neo (played by Keanu Reeves) grabs the author’s book Simulacra and Simulation to retrieve some mind-altering substances hidden in it. The second is uttered by Morpheus (played by Laurence Fishburne) when he shows Neo the “real world,” saying to him, “Welcome to … the desert of the real.”

It is clear that Jean Baudrillard´s philosophy and thought has become an interest for many intellectuals. That is the case of Baudrillard´s Simulacra and Simulation, in which Baudrillard assumes the proliferation of images in advanced capitalism, with the expansion of commodities and the relentless advance of technologies of visualization and simulation. In the essay, he describes a movement from “representation” to “simulation”. In Baudrillard´s words:

Relevant sources on Jay Asher

When I came across with the american writer, Jay Asher, I instantly wanted to know more about him. Unfortunately, the information given by Wikipedia wasn’t deep enough to follow his carreer so I decided to seach more about his work.

From his most famous novel, Thirteen reasons why, I found it necessary to analyse which had been his influences or “reasons why” he decanted himself in favour of youth public, instead of adult public. The best way of answering this cuestions was finding an interview made to him, and that is exactly what I got after making some reseaches. This kind of interviews provide a large amount of information about the author that other kind of sources just can’t, such as life experiences or data about their personal motivations and explanations about the novels they’ve written.

A Little Bit of Brain on Music

This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession  writen by Daniel J. Levitin (1957), an american professor, cognitive psychologist, neuroscientist, record producer, musician and wrtier, will be one of the references we will be using for the elavoration of the article about Jack Johnson.

Nickelback: Biografia

Gure taldeko artikulua Nickelback taldearen inguruan egingo dugu. Kanadako talde hau 1995an sortu zen, Hanna herrian, Albertan, eta harreskero jarraitzaile ugari izan ditu. Hori dela eta, taldea eta hau psatzen duten kideen informazioa zabalduz joan de Interneten bidez; baina, oso sarritan gertatzen den bezala, ez dago talde honen inguruko informaziorik euskaraz edo, egotekotan, ez da oso zehatza eta luzea ere.  Hau izan da Nickelback taldeari buruzko artikulua idazteko zergati garrantzitsuena.

Artikulu hori burutzeko, hainbat iturri eta erreferentzia jarraitu eta erabiltzea beharrezkoa dugu; horietako bat da Enyclopedia of World Biography web orrialdean aurki dezakeguna.

Ugariak izan daitezke orrialde edo informazio iturri bat lana egiteko egokiak direla pentsatzera eramaten dizuten arrazoiak: zelako luzeera duen, batzen duen informazioa sinesgarria izatea,  bilatzen diren datuak argi azaltzea… Horietako artikulua dugu aipatutakoa, World Biography-n argitaratutako.

Bibliography for the Wikipedia Article

Writing a good scholarly paper, an academic text adding something new to the scientific sphere is definitely not a piece of cake. As a matter of fact, it usually happens that an essay we come across with entails much more efforts than apparently could seem. Anyone intending to do a scholarly paper ought to carry on many tasks, in which the selection and revision of references stands out.

We, as it is to be hoped, have gone through various works among the literature for our topic “A Clockwork Orange” [1]. I have chosen this paper for this post, for it is a very good approach to the topic we are discoursing on.

I find it very interesting and enlightening since it deals with both the novel and Kubric’s film. But he does not only raise them from the typical point of view, as we could expect. Rather, in his paper, Luis Laborda Oribes also analyzes the irony of this masterpiece and, likewise, does tell us, like no other does, a hint about why the movie director made up his mind to adapt the novel to the screen.

Thus, we will, without a doubt, resort to this paper in orther to make from our article worthy of being in Wikipedia.

[1] Laborda Oribes, L. Aproximación a La naranja mecánica. Revista HMiC: historia moderna i contemporania (1), pp.13-20, 2003.

Even Zohar: Literatura eta Itzulpenak

Artikulu hau Itamar Even Zoharrek 1990ean idatzitakoa da eta bertan bere lan nagusienean, polisistemen teorian oinarrituz, itzulpengintzak duen garrantziari buruz dihardu. Itamar Even Zohar, filosofo, Hebraiar filologo eta Literatu Konparatuko aditu israeldar garrantzitsuenetariko bat izateaz gain, Ikasketa Kulturaletako ikertzailerik esanguratsuenetariko bat da zalantzarik gabe. Ikertzaile israeldar hau batez ere identitate nazionalen eraketetan kulturak duen jarrera zein handia eta eraginkorra izan daitekeen azaltzen saiatzen da.Artikulura bueltatuz bada, bertan Zoharrek itzulita dauden obra literarioek zer nolako garrantzia izan dezaketen galdetzen du eta hauek itzuliak direnean, itzulita diren hizkuntzara moldatu eta gero ea formatu edota esanahia bera jarraitzen mantentzen duten aztertzen du:

The prevailing concept is rather that of “translation” or just “translated works” treated on an individual basis. Is there any basis for a different assumption, that is for considering translated literature as a system? Is there the same sort of cultural and verbal network of relations within what seems to be an arbitrary group of translated texts as the one we willingly hypothesize for original literature? What kind of relations might there be among translated works, which are presented as completed facts, imported from other literatures, detached from their home contexts and consequently neutralized from the point of view of center-and-periphery struggles?

Itamar Even-Zohar: polisistemen teoria

Polisitemen teoriari buruz mintzatzen da Even-Zohar Itamar Even-Zohar 2005 POLYSYSTEM THEORY izenburua duen  artikuluan. Artikuluan bertan, egun, fenomeno semiotikoa zertan datzan azaltzen du eta hauxe da honi buruz dioena:

The idea that socio-semiotic phenomena, i.e., sign-governed human patterns of communication (such as culture, language, literature), could more adequately be understood and studied if regarded as systems rather than conglomerates of disparate elements has become one of the leading ideas of our time in most sciences of man.

Semantic Network according to John F. Sowa

John Florian Sowa is the computer scientist who invented conceptual graphs, a graphic notation for logic and natural language, based on the structures in semantic networks and on the existential graphs of Charles S. Peirce.

John F. Sowa said:

“A semantic network or net is a graphic notation for representing knowledge in patterns of interconnected nodes and arcs.”

Spring Subway

Follow @monfuecam

Las Fuentes seleccionadas para nuestro trabajo sobre cine chino y en concreto la película Spring Subway (primavera en el metro) son relevantes porque cada una de las personas que hemos recogido son grandes conocedores de la materia.

Por ejemplo Paul Clark ha escrito sobre cine chino y sobre la cultura y la política de este país desde mediados del siglo XX y es profesor de Estudios históricos y críticos en la Universidad de Brighten. Es un historiador especializado en la cultura china y cree en el cine como una posibilidad fantástica de expresar sentimientos, tradiciones culturales e ideas, lo que nos ayuda a acercarnos a una cultura diferente a la nuestra.

También cabe destacar a Yingjin Zhang profesor de literatura china comparada y cine en la Universidad de Indiana. Su opinión es relevante porque además de ser nativo chino tiene un amplio conocimiento acerca de las nuevas tendencias en este país en cuanto al cine.

Ying Zhu co-autor del libro “Art, politics, and commerce in Chinese cinema” es profesor de Cultura en Nueva York gran conocedor de la cultura china y autor del libro ”Chinese cinema during the era of reform: the ingenuity of the system”

Por otro lado, Sheila Cornellius junto con Ian Haydin han escrito el libro ”New Chinese cinema: challenging representations”. La primera ha dado conferencias sobre cine chino en Londres, mientras El segundo es un escritor y crítico de cine, además de editor de “International Film Guide” y coeditor de “Wallflower Press’s” relacionadas con el cine.

Consideramos importante la opinió de estos expertos para lograr que nuestro trbajo sea más riguroso.

Referencias de BibTeX

1. Clark, P. Chinese cinema: culture and politics since 1949. Cambridge University Press, 1987. BibTeX[clark1987chinese]
2. Zhang, Y. Chinese national cinema. Routledge, 2004. BibTeX [zhang2004chinese]
3. Zhu, Y. Chinese cinema during the era of reform: the ingenuity of the system. Praeger, 2003. BibTeX[zhu2003chinese]
4. Cornelius, S and Smith, IH. New Chinese cinema: challenging representations. Wallflower, 2002. BibTeX[cornelius2002new]

Yingjin Zhang, Spring Subway and Chinese cinema

 The sources selected when describing the movie Spring Subway, have been all written by people who know about the subject of Chinese cinema.  Yingjin Zhang, who wrote the book Chinese national cinema, is an Associate Professor of Chinese, Comparative Literature, and Film Studies at Indiana University, Bloomington, so not only is he Chinese, but knows about literature and film studies, being his point of view of much interest when we talk about the new genres arousing in Chinese cinema.

He received his M.A. from the University of Iowa in 1987 and Ph.D. in comparative literature from Stanford University in 1992. Before joining the UC San Diego faculty in 2001, he taught at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he was honored with an Outstanding Junior Faculty Award in 1996. He served as President of the American Association of Chinese Comparative Literature in 1993-94 and received, among others, a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the University of Michigan in 1995-96, a Summer Faculty Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities in 1999, a Pacific Cultural Foundation Research Grant (Taipei) in 2000, a Fulbright China Research Fellowship in 2003-04, and a UC Humanities Research Institute Fellowship (Irvine) in 2005. He also taught at the University of Chicago, Nanjing University (China), and Shanghai Jiaotong U (China) as a visiting professor.

As our Wikipedia article is going to be about a Chinese movie, we consider it important to have people who are deeply implied in the concept of Chinese cinema, which is the case of all the authors cited above.

References

• Spring Subway. (2011, April 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:26, February 28, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spring_Subway&oldid=424830455
• Zhang, Y. Chinese national cinema. Routledge, 2004.  Retrieved from http://books.google.es/books?id=6WzJq0hForAC
• University of San Diego. Retrieved the 2012.03.05 from http://literature.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/yzhang.html

Another choice

 As a complementary medical system to Western medicine, experts from Zhejiang University and China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine claim that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides a unique theoretical and practical approach to the treatment of diseases over thousands of years. Confronted with the increasing popularity of  TCM and the huge volume of TCM data, historically accumulated and recently obtained, there is an urgent need to explore these resources effectively.

Argia, astekaria izatetik haratago

ARGIA [Zeruko Argia] astekaria Euskal Herri eta Iparraldean publikatzen den euskarazko aldizkari orokorra eta zaharrena da. Astero kaleratzen da eta gaurkotasunarekin lotutako gaiak sakontasunez lantzea da helburu nagusitzat duena. Gaur egun oso estuki lotuta dago bai bere Facebook , Twitter eta Youtubeko sare sozialetara. Hala ere esan beharra dago bere publikazio eta informazio gehiena bere orrialde propioan argitaratzen dela, Argia.comen. Aldizkarian gehian  aztertzen diren gaiak kultura, gizartea, hezkuntza, nazioartea , ekonomia eta euskara dira batik bat ,eta hauek ez dira beti Euskal Herriaren gainekoak izaten, bertan izan dezakeen eragina ere aztertzen duten arren.

Maxine Hong Kingston, a woman who never tires

I learned to make my mind large, as the universe is large, so that there is room for paradoxes – The Woman Warrior

Maxine Hong Kingston is a Chinese-American writer, best known for being the author of The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, a memoir discussing concepts of gender, ethnicity and identity. Using a revolutionary dream-like writing style she has written several novels and essays, combining autobiography and Chinese folktales, as Kristopher Fortin explains.

As The New York Times said in 1976 about The Woman Warrior, her work is

[...] an investigation of soul . . . Its sources are dream and memory, myth and desire. Its crises are crises of the heart in exile from roots that bind and terrorize it.

Eskola Txikiak

Roser Boix-ek Eskola Txikiak arrainontziekin parekatzen ditu, dena ikusten eta entzuten delako. Eskola Txikien web orrialdean ikus daitekeen moduan, eskola hauetan ikasleek gela berean jarraitzen dute bizpahiru urtez, zaharrago naiz gazteago diren kideekin batera ikasiz, zeina oso aberasgarria eta baliagarria den doktorearen esanetan. Orrialdean ikus daitekeenez, Eskola Txikiak landa eremuetan dauden herri eskola euskaldunak dira. Arraroa, berezia eta ezohikoa dirudien arren, Gipuzkoan 26 dira modu honetan lan egiten duten eskolak; nola, baina?

Noiz egiten digute iruzur?

Zelan jakin dezakegu politikari batek kontatzen diguna egia edo gezurra denik? Eta gure lagunek esaten digutena? Beti egia esaten al dugu? Gizakia zalantzez beteriko mundu batean bizi da, kexka hauei guztiei erantzuten saiatuz. Honen inguruan aipatu behar da Deustuko Unibertsitatean instituzioa izan zen Javier Petrina. Berak irakatsi egin die hainbat ikaslei zeintzuk diren erabili behar diren metodoak hau guztia argi edukitzeko. 

Kurtso honen hasiera arte eman egin ditu klaseak Petrinak, orain bere lekua Cristina de la Cruz-i utziz. Lógica y argumentación du izena ikasgai honek, Bertrand Russell-ek eta A.N.Whitehead artzain protestanteak idatzitako Principia Mathematica deituriko liburuan oinarrituta dagoena.

Pilar Igarragirre euskara eta iberiaren arteko harremanaz mintzo

Pilar Iparragirrek dio euskarak ez duela iberiar penintsularen beste hizkuntzekin zerikusirik (latinetik eratorriak baitira). Iberiar hizkuntzaren zenbait arrasto izan ditzakela uste da, batez ere toponimiari dagokionez, baina, iberiera ulertzea lortzen ez den bitartean ezin da euskara iberierarekin erlazionatu. Ez da zehatza euskararen jatorria, izan ere ez dakigu zehazki zein urtetan sortu zen. Hainbat teoria izan dira euskararen jatorriaren inguruan, sorlekuaren inguruan batez ere, ez baitago argi Pirinioen inguruan sortu izan bazen (bertan mintzatu baita euskara milaka urteetan zehar) edo kaukasiar hizkuntzekin zerikusia duen, amazigerarenik edo iberierarekin erlazionatzen baita besteak beste.  Dena dela, Europako hizkuntzarik zaharrenatzat hartzen da euskara, erromatar inperioaren aurrekoa, eta beraz hizkuntza indoeuropearretatik at, nahiz eta latinaren, frantsesaren eta gaztelaniaren eragin handia izan, hizkuntza horiekiko ukipena dela eta.

Inguruko hizkuntzen eraginaz kanpo, euskarak ere aldaera anitz ditu bere baitan, euskalkiak deritzonak. Euskal lurraldeen geografia itxurabakoa dela eta, aldaerak eremu txikiak artzen dituzte eta ugariak izaten dira, herri batetik bestera ere suertatuz.  Aldaera guzti horiek ezagutu eta ulertzeko lan sakonak egin izan dira urteetan zehar, Euskaltzaindiaren Herri Hizkeren Atlasa batik bat. Horregatik izaten da hain gatxa euskararen mapa dialektologikoa edo hizkuntz atlasa egitea.

Historian zehar zenbait idazle saiatu dira lan hori betetzen, lehenengoa Manuel Larramendi izan zelarik 1729an, “El imposible vencido” lana argitaratu baitzuen Salamancan, Lanaren zailtasuna agerian usten zuelarik. Louis-Lucien Bonapartek ere, Napoleonen hilobak, egin zuen bere euskalkien banaketa baina azken sailkapena Koldo Zuazok egin du 1997an 6 euskalki bereiztuz: mendebaldekoa edo bizkaiera, gipuzkera edo erdialdekoa, nafarrera, nafar-lapurtera, ekialdeko nafarrera (Zaraitzuko eta Aezkoako hizkera barnean zelarik) eta zuberera.

Aurretiaz aipatutako aldaeren aniztasuna dela eta, idazleek arazoak zituzten, ez baitzuten argi zein euskalki erabili haien lanak euskaldun guztiek uler zitzaten. Arazo horrek ez zuen konpobidea jaso 1960ko hamarkadararte, euskara batua sortzeari ekin zenean, euskalkien zatiketa gainditzeko eresu estandarra sortzea erabaki zenean. 1968an Euskaltzaindiak Arantzazuko Batzarrean bilera egin zen, lehenengo arau multzoak finkatzeko eta gipuzkera eta lapurtera oinarritzat hartzea erabaki zuten. pizkanaka pizkana joan ziren euskara batua delako hizkuntza estandarra sortzen, eta horretan diardute, ez baitute lana oraindik bukatu.

• Pilar Iparragirre (2003-2-16). Euskara iberiarren hizkuntza?.Argia.com-en 2011ko 22ren 20an berreskuratua http://www.argia.com/argia-astekaria/1887/euskara-iberiarren-hizkuntza -en hartua.
• Euskaltzaindia (1994). Euskararen Herri Hizkeren Atlasa. Euskaltzaindia.net-en 2011ko 22aren 20an berreskuratua  http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/ehha-en hartua.